Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) represents nearly 80% of cutaneous malignancies. Dermoscopy is a useful tool to increase the precision of diagnosis, but its findings for BCC are mainly described in patients from Europe, the US, and Australia. BCC dermoscopy patterns are not fully known in patients with skin photo-types III and IV in Latin America, especially in Colombia. We aimed to describe dermoscopy findings in patients with BCC and III-IV Fitzpatrick skin types in a Colombian population. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective and prospective observational study was carried out on patients with BCC. Clinical and dermoscopy photos were taken, with the diagnosis confirmed via histopathology. Results: Thirty-six tumors were evaluated. Women were more affected. The main BCC feature was a nodular clinical and histological subtype. The more frequent dermoscopy findings were arboriform microvessels, thin telangiectasias, and multiple gray-blue globules. Tumors greater than 6 mm predominantly showed ulceration and polymorphic vessels. The presence of ovoid nests, structures in maple leaves, and polymorphic vessels were related to the superficial clinical subtype. Conclusions: Different features related to size, clinical pattern, and the presence of vascular and pigmentary changes in dermoscopy were present in this population. A new dermoscopy finding of a yellowish type “, amber background”,in BCC was described.

A characteristic of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is to allow individual decision making units (DMUs) to select the factor weights which are the most advantageous for them in calculating their efficiency scores. This flexibility in selecting the weights, on the other hand, deters the comparison among DMUs on a common base. For dealing with this difficulty and assessing all the DMUs on the same scale, this paper proposes using a multiple objective linear programming (MOLP) approach based on scalarizing function for generating common set of weights under the DEA framework. This is an advantageous of the proposed approach against general approaches in the literature which are based on multiple objective nonlinear programming.

Background: Based on the studies which have been done till now, resynchronization of ventricular contraction results in clinical improvement in patients who suffer from moderate to severe heart failure with intraventricular conduction disturbance. and using this method is increasing in our country. Study in this filed seems to be necessary.Material and methods: Sixty-five consecutive patients with advanced heart failure, NYHA Class III and IV, LV ejection fraction (EF)£35%, QRS³120 were studied before and 3 months after CRT. Mean age was 60, 57 and 8 patients with NYHA class III and IV respectively. All patients received furosemide, spironolactone, carvedilol, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II –receptors blockers at the optimal tolerated dosage. Mean LVEF was 20.83%. Echocardiographic (Tissue Doppler Imaging), ECG and function class (NYHA) were assessed at baseline before implantation and 3 months after.Result: LV ejection fraction increased +6.8% (21.10±7 vs. 27.93±8.4%, P<0.001). Mitral valve regurgitation severity reduced (P<0.013). Interventricular mechanical delay reduced (53.83ms±18.45 vs. 26.53ms±13.90 P=0.000) and also Intra ventricular mechanical delay reduced (62.53ms±25.08 vs. 45.55ms±13.47, P=0.000). Dilated cardiomyopathic group has more mean changes in LVEF than Ischemic group (+9.06%±7.3 vs. +4.08%±6.5, P=0.01).Conclusion: Biventricular pacing results in significant clinical improvement in patients who have moderate to severe heart failure.

Objective(s): To validate Persian version of the FSFI and to determine its diagnostic cut off score. Methods: This was a descriptive analytic study. To fill in the Persian version of the FSFI. In addition clinical interviews were carried out by a psychiatrist on DSM-4 criteria. Women divided in two age and educational matched groups: the control group (n=28) who have not sexual dysfunction and the case group (n=53) who have sexual dysfunction. Data were analyzed by Cronbach’s alpha and validity was assessed by comparing mean scores of two groups. Optimal cut off score determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The findings showed satisfactory results for full scale and each subscale with Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.66 or above for sexually dysfunctional sample and 0.70 or above for sexually active sample. Discriminant validity confirmed the ability of both total and domain scores to differentiate between active and inactive women. On the basis of sensitivity and specificity analyses we found that the optimal cut off score was found to be 28 for differentiating women with and without sexual dysfunction. Conclusion: The findings showed that the Iranian version of Female Sexual function Index (FSFI) is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring sexual function in women.

In this paper, we study a new enlargement of sub differential for any proper lower semi continuous function. We know that e-sub differential of any proper lower semi continuous function is an enlargement of its sub differential and any point from the graph of e- sub differential can be approximated by a point from the graph of sub differential. This nice property, apart from its theoretical importance, gives also the possibility to use the enlargement of sub differentials in finding approximate solutions of inclusions determined by sub differentials. We define a new enlargement and observe, in the case sub differentials, the relation between this new enlargement and the e-sub differential.

This study investigates whether monetary and fiscal policies are consistent in reaction to the demand pressure and inflationary conditions. To answer this question, the coordination between monetary and fiscal policies was examined for the period 1988: 1-2021: 4, based on Demid’, s approach (2018) and using a model with time-varying parameters (TVP). Following the study of Kuttner (2016) in the framework of game theory, Nash equilibrium, scenarios for the interaction of these two policies were extracted in the policy matrix. The results confirm that two periods, from the first quarter of 1992 to the second quarter of 1992 (two seasons) and also from the second quarter of 2011 to the third quarter of 2011 (two seasons), were the only ones in which monetary and fiscal policymakers simultaneously and consistently tried to reduce the inflation gap. Also, in the first three seasons of 2006 and the second quarter of 2008 to the end of 2009 (7 seasons), the monetary and fiscal authorities reacted positively to the negative output gap simultaneously and had a counter-cyclical reaction to reduce the output gap in a coordinated manner. Based on these results and in the framework of the policy matrix, the Central Bank of Iran has been submissive to fiscal policies for most of the years. Therefore, it is suggested that to strengthen coordination between fiscal and monetary policymakers, establishment of some institutional arrangements and legal frameworks should be on the agenda, including the implementation of both fiscal rules and inflation targeting, and setting a legal framework for strengthening the central bank independence.